Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (Portuguese: República de Angola, pronounced [ʁɨpublikɐ dɨ ɐɡɔla], Kikongo, Kimbundu, Umbundu: Repubilika Ngola ago), is a country in southern Central Africa bordered by Namibia to the Republic of the Congo south to the north and Zambia to the east and the west coast of the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital. The Cabinda province has borders with the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Portugal was present in some, especially the coastal points in the area of what today is Angola, 16 from the 19 th century, interact with the various peoples who lived there. In the 19 th century, which slowly and timidly began to settle in interior design. Angola, the Portuguese colony was not founded until 19 th century, and the "effective occupation" as required by the Conference of Berlin (1884) was reached in 1920, like most African colonies. After independence, Angola was the scene of intense civil war in 1975-2002. The country is rich in minerals and oil reserves, but its life expectancy and infant mortality are the worst in the world ranking.
History
Early Migrations And Political Entities
Khoisan hunter-gatherers are the earliest known modern human inhabitants of the region. They were largely replaced by Bantu tribes during Bantu migrations, but a few remain in parts of southern Angola to the present. The Bantu came from the north, probably somewhere near the present-day Republic of Cameroon. When they reached what is now Angola, they encountered Khoisan, Bushmen and other groups less technologically advanced than themselves, who they easily dominated with their superior knowledge of metal working, pottery and agriculture. The establishment of the Bantu took many centuries and gave rise to various groups took different ethnic characteristics.
Meanwhile, Bantu has established a number of political entities ("Kingdoms", "empires"), in most of what is now Angola. The best known of these is the Kingdom of Kongo, which had its center in the northwestern part of Angola contemporary, but contained important regions in the western part of the current Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Congo and Gabon to the south. It has established trade routes with other trading partners of cities and civilizations up and down the coast in the southwestern and western Africa, and even with the great empire of Zimbabwe Mutapa, but engaged in trade little or no ocean.
The geographical areas now designated as Angola came into contact with the Portuguese in the 15th century, specifically 1483, when Portugal has established relationships with the State Kongo, which stretched from modern Gabon in the north of the Kwanza River in the south . In this context, it established a small trading post in the port of Soyo Mpinda. The Portuguese explorer Paulo Dias de Novais founded Luanda in 1575 as "São Paulo de Loanda," with a hundred families of settlers and soldiers 400. Benguela, 1587 of a Portuguese fort that became a city in 1617, was another large colony at the beginning, founded and governed. The Portuguese established several colonies, forts and trading posts along the coastline of present-day Angola, which was based on the slave trade, trade in raw materials and the exchange of goods to survive. The African slave trade provided a large number of black slaves to Europeans and African representatives.
For example, in what is now Angola, the economy strong focus Imbangala the slave trade.
European traders export manufactured goods to the coast of Africa where the slaves were exchanged. In the Portuguese Empire, most black African slaves were traded for Portuguese traders who bought and sold as cheap labor for use in agricultural plantations in Brazil. This trade will continue until the first half of the 19th century. According to John Iliffe, "the records of the Portuguese in Angola since the 16th century show that a great famine occurred on average once every seventy years, accompanied by an epidemic that could kill a third to half of the population destruction of population growth in a generation and forced the settlers back into the river valleys. "
The Portuguese gradually took control of the coast in the 16th century by a series of treaties and wars are the Portuguese colony of Angola. Enjoy the Portuguese Restoration War, the Dutch occupied Luanda from 1641 to 1648, where they joined forces with local people to consolidate their colonial rule against the resistance is Portuguese. In 1648 began a fleet under the command of Salvador de Sá de Luanda returned to Portugal and a conquest of lost territories of Portugal restored to its former possessions in 1650. Treaties regulated relations with the Kongo Kingdom in 1649 and Njinga of Matamba and Ndongo in 1656. The conquest of Pungo Andongo in 1671 was the last great Portuguese expansion to the outside of Luanda, trying to invade Kongo in 1670 and 1681 Matamba failed.
Portugal was present in some, especially the coastal points in the area of what today is Angola, 16 from the 19 th century, interact with the various peoples who lived there. In the 19 th century, which slowly and timidly began to settle in interior design. Angola, the Portuguese colony was not founded until 19 th century, and the "effective occupation" as required by the Conference of Berlin (1884) was reached in 1920, like most African colonies. After independence, Angola was the scene of intense civil war in 1975-2002. The country is rich in minerals and oil reserves, but its life expectancy and infant mortality are the worst in the world ranking.
History
Early Migrations And Political Entities
Khoisan hunter-gatherers are the earliest known modern human inhabitants of the region. They were largely replaced by Bantu tribes during Bantu migrations, but a few remain in parts of southern Angola to the present. The Bantu came from the north, probably somewhere near the present-day Republic of Cameroon. When they reached what is now Angola, they encountered Khoisan, Bushmen and other groups less technologically advanced than themselves, who they easily dominated with their superior knowledge of metal working, pottery and agriculture. The establishment of the Bantu took many centuries and gave rise to various groups took different ethnic characteristics.
Meanwhile, Bantu has established a number of political entities ("Kingdoms", "empires"), in most of what is now Angola. The best known of these is the Kingdom of Kongo, which had its center in the northwestern part of Angola contemporary, but contained important regions in the western part of the current Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Congo and Gabon to the south. It has established trade routes with other trading partners of cities and civilizations up and down the coast in the southwestern and western Africa, and even with the great empire of Zimbabwe Mutapa, but engaged in trade little or no ocean.
The geographical areas now designated as Angola came into contact with the Portuguese in the 15th century, specifically 1483, when Portugal has established relationships with the State Kongo, which stretched from modern Gabon in the north of the Kwanza River in the south . In this context, it established a small trading post in the port of Soyo Mpinda. The Portuguese explorer Paulo Dias de Novais founded Luanda in 1575 as "São Paulo de Loanda," with a hundred families of settlers and soldiers 400. Benguela, 1587 of a Portuguese fort that became a city in 1617, was another large colony at the beginning, founded and governed. The Portuguese established several colonies, forts and trading posts along the coastline of present-day Angola, which was based on the slave trade, trade in raw materials and the exchange of goods to survive. The African slave trade provided a large number of black slaves to Europeans and African representatives.
For example, in what is now Angola, the economy strong focus Imbangala the slave trade.
European traders export manufactured goods to the coast of Africa where the slaves were exchanged. In the Portuguese Empire, most black African slaves were traded for Portuguese traders who bought and sold as cheap labor for use in agricultural plantations in Brazil. This trade will continue until the first half of the 19th century. According to John Iliffe, "the records of the Portuguese in Angola since the 16th century show that a great famine occurred on average once every seventy years, accompanied by an epidemic that could kill a third to half of the population destruction of population growth in a generation and forced the settlers back into the river valleys. "
The Portuguese gradually took control of the coast in the 16th century by a series of treaties and wars are the Portuguese colony of Angola. Enjoy the Portuguese Restoration War, the Dutch occupied Luanda from 1641 to 1648, where they joined forces with local people to consolidate their colonial rule against the resistance is Portuguese. In 1648 began a fleet under the command of Salvador de Sá de Luanda returned to Portugal and a conquest of lost territories of Portugal restored to its former possessions in 1650. Treaties regulated relations with the Kongo Kingdom in 1649 and Njinga of Matamba and Ndongo in 1656. The conquest of Pungo Andongo in 1671 was the last great Portuguese expansion to the outside of Luanda, trying to invade Kongo in 1670 and 1681 Matamba failed.
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